What is the real ruby?

Ruby refers to a red jade with red colors. It is a kind of rigidity. The main ingredient is alumina (al₂o ₃). Red comes from chromium (CR), mainly CR2O3. The content is generally 0.1 ~ 3%, and the highest is 4%.
The natural ruby ​​comes from Asia (Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Xinjiang, China, Yunnan, China, etc.), Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania), Oceania (Australia), and the Americas (Montana and South Carolina in the United States State). Ruby is mainly produced in Mozambique.
Crystal habits: belong to the three -party crystal system, compound trilateral bias; crystal shapes are often bucket -like, short columnar, plate -shaped, etc. Most of the sets are granular or dense blocks.
transparentness: transparent to semi -transparent.
This: Bright glass luster to Agen Kong.
The refractive index: 1.762-1.770, ( 0.009, -0.005).
dual refractive index: 0.008 ~ 0.010.
: 0.018 low.
Multinarity: obvious two -color, often manifested as: purple red/brown red, dark red/red, red/orange red, rose red/pink.
The light: u- (one axis crystal negative light).
Special optical effect: Starlight effect, under the light of light, it will reflect the charming six -shot starlight or twelve shot starlight.
Mo's hardness is: 9.
sg (relative density): 3.99-4.00.
The explanation: no ruling, the bottom surface cracking.
Lighting: Ruby has obvious-weak red fluorescence under long and short-wave ultraviolet rays.
The absorption spectrum: CR typical absorption spectrum. 688nm 690nm Absorbing dual -line 668nm 659nm has absorbing the weak line absorbing broadband (yellow green zone absorption) blue zone 468nm purple region.
Source of color: Trace chromium makes it red, the higher the chromium content, the more reddish, the most popular, commonly known as "pigeon blood red".
I symbolic significance: noble, love, benevolence.
Title: "The King of Gem".
Preflection: Mainly fire rocks or metamorphic rock areas.
The grading standards of hierarchical standards are mainly measured based on 1T and 4C: transparency (), color, clarity, cut (CUT), carat weight.
transparentness
transparentness: refers to the degree of vivid light allowed gems.
In the naked eye appraisal of ruby, transparency is generally divided into five levels: transparent, sub-transparent, translucent, sub-transparent, and opaque, as shown in Figure 1-1.
1. Transparent
The allow most of the light to pass through the objects behind it across the gemstone, you can see clear outlines and details.
2. A sub -transparent
Moly allows more light to pass through. When observing the objects behind it across the gem, you can see the outline of the object, but the details are blurred.
3. Transparent
This can allow some light to pass through. When the objects behind it are observed across the gem, you can only see the outline shadow of the object, and you can't see the details.
4. A small amount of light can be passed on the edge of the gemstone on the edge of the gemstone, but the objects behind it can no longer be seen across the gem.
5. Occupible
Basically not allowed light to pass through, and the light is absorbed or reflected by the object.
color standard
color: refers to the color presented by the gemstone under the natural light.
Since the light source will have a great impact on the color of red and blue gemstones, the observation method of red and sapphire classification is clearly required as follows:
1. Place the gemstone on the white background.
2. Observe from the gem table.
3. Observe rubies under natural light.
usually the more pure, the stronger the color of the ruby, the higher the quality, the higher the value. After the various factors that affect the color of red sapphire, we divide red sapphire into five levels, including ruby ​​divided into dark red, red, medium red, light red, light red, and five. Consumers only need to compare the five levels of rubies, and they can simply classify the color of ruby.
Is when performing color grading, the effect of color distribution is uniform and anti -fire (the internal reflection light caused by cutting) on ​​the color grading of ruby ​​color. Usually they can increase the color level of red sapphire or decrease a sub -level level Essence
The clarity standards
The clarity refers to the amount of internal content contained in the gem.
The red and blue jewels usually contain a certain amount of internal content. The size, quantity, distinctiveness, and location of the contents of the inner content have an important impact on the value of red and sapphire.
In observation of the naked eye, the level of red and sapphire is divided into five levels, see the red sapphire clarity grading table. The figure below corresponds to the five levels of the clarity of red jewels, respectively.
This Gem Cle by Classification Table
Glass Cantonential Observation Position
is extremely difficult to see the inside of the gemstone with the inside of the gemstone. It is extremely difficult to see in the pavilion.
The second level is hard to see that there is a containing material inside the gemstone. Generally, other minerals that are colorless or similar to the color of the gem are generally difficult to see or the pavilion.
It three levels can be seen that the inside of the gemstones can be seen under the naked eye. Generally, other minerals that are large or similar to the color of gemstones are generally difficult to see or visible to the pavilion on the edge of the countertop.
The level 4 is easy to see the inside of the gemstone. Generally, it is a small crack or other minerals that are different from the gemstone.
The level 5 is very easy to see the inside of the gemstone under the naked eye. Generally, it is a large crack or larger minerals in all positions inside the gemstone.
Cutting standards
Cutting: including cutting orientation, type, proportion, symmetry, degree of polishing, etc.
The mineral crystal of red and blue jewels
The orientation of cutting: Mineral crystals of red and sapphires are generally bucket -like, columnar and plate -shaped, as shown in the figure above. The vertical direction of the mineral crystal of red and blue jewels is called the C axis. Assuming that a face -to -face gem can be cut into face -to -face X and face -to -face Z. From the picture of the right, we can see the difference between face -to -face X and face -to -face Z: Face -to -face Z is obviously dual -color. Therefore, we should try to make the countertop of the gemstone perpendicular to the C -axis when cutting the rough stones, because the value of gemstone without two -color is significantly higher than that of two -color gemstones.
The type of cutting: The cutting of red jewels includes aspect -shaped gems and plain gems. The basic shape is shown in the figure below. The larger granules are generally mixed with mixed cuts. Usually its crown part is cut in brightly, so that the gemstone shows a charming anti -fire. Good color.
The proportion of cutting and symmetry: The color of red sapphire is the embodiment of its value. In order to achieve bright colors, there is no qualitative statement of the cutting angle of red and sapphire, but the following issues will indeed be on the red jewels. The proportion and symmetry of cutting work have a large negative impact:
obvious asymmetry: Although the asymmetry of red and sapphire is inevitable, the obvious asymmetry will cause the bright light of red sapphire to be seriously severely suffered seriously Impact.
The bottom -tip eccentricity: The severe deviation of the center of the face will affect the light reflection from the pavilion evenly, and it will also have an adverse effect on the anti -fire of red and sapphire.
The pavilion is too deep: some lighter face -to -face red sapphire pavilions are usually cut deeper to deepen the color of the gem, which is unders
tandable. However, in order to take care of some darker gems, this kind of cutting method has also had a great impact on the color, and in most cases, the price of the gem is calculated at the unit price of its weight. Therefore, when considering the price of gemstones, they should also consider their depth of pavilion.
This part of the pavilion is too thin: the too thin pavilion will make the light enter the gemstone, which cannot be reflected, thereby forming a larger window area, which is usually called "leakage", and will also be on the red jewels. Value has a greater impact.
The degree of polishing: The degree of polishing affects the gloss and anti -fire of red sapphire, so it is also an indispensable factor in cutting and evaluation.
carat weight
carat weight: refers to the weight of the gem.
Under the same quality conditions, the larger the price, the higher the price, especially the price of high -quality red jewels above 1 carat increases in geometric number. The corresponding table of the sizes and weight of the face of red sapphires lists the corresponding relationship between the size and weight of common red sapphire. The table gives a standard cut red jewelry weight estimation method.
M common red sapphire face size and weight corresponding table [7]
The shape of the shape (mm) weight (mm) weight
round 0.04-0.05 oval 3 × 5 0.28 -0.36
2.5 0.08-0.09 4 × 6 0.53-0.64
3.0 0.13-0.15 4.5 × 6.5 0.72-0.87
3.20-0.23 5 × 7 0.94-1.16
4.0 0.29-0.35 6 × 8 1.60-1.87
4.5 0.39-0.50 7 × 9 2.37-2.92
5.53-0.65
5.71-0.90 Long-shaped hybrid 3 3 × 5 0.34-0.44
6.0 0.93-1.15 4 × 6 0.65-0.78
6.5-1.50 4.5 × 6.5 0.87-1.06
7.0-1.85 5 × 7 1.14-1.41
7.5 1.80-2.25 6 × 8 1.95-2.29
8.0 2.35-2.85 7 × 9 2.89-3.56
square shape 2.00 0.07 grandmother green 3 × 5 0.30-0.36 n2 .25 0.11 4 × 6 0.57-0.70
2.50 0.13 4.5 × 6.5 0.78-0.97
3.00 0.22 5 × 7 1.00-1.30
3.50 0.5 × 7.5 0.35-1.65
6 × 8 1.80-2.10
7 × 9 2.90-3.15
Estimated formula for Ruby Weight
Circular diameter 2 × 4.00 × 0.0018
× 0.0020 (diameter: long, width average)
square mixed -shaped diameter 2 × high × 4.00 × 0.0018 (diameter: vertical, horizontal and diagonal average)
long mixed mixed average width 2 2 × High × 4.00 × 0.0022 (diameter: long, width average)
The square grandmother green diameter 2 × 4.00 × 0.0023
n The average width of the square shape 2 × high × 4.00 × 0.0024
High × 4.00 × 0.0021
Note: The above formula is based on the thickness of the waist, the pavilion is not prominent, and the symmetry is better. A thicker waist may require a 10%correction (correction weight = original weight original weight × 10%), the prominent pavilion may require 18%correction, and the asymmetric shape may require 10%correction.
The distinguish between red garnet
Illarial is a homogeneous body, without multi -color, and ruby ​​is obvious in color
Ultraviole lights, ruby ​​has red fluorescence, and garnet is manifested as inert.
During the enlarged inspection, the inside of the garnet is cleaner, and the qi and liquid bags and solid purse bodies in the ruby ​​are rich.
The red spinel
spine -spinel is a homogeneous body without multiple color
This is lower than ruby ​​
Negative crystal
This and red electrical stones
The electrical stone has more obvious multi -color
Face -faced gemstones can be seen in the appropriate direction. N red pillar stone has a strong and multi -color visible to the naked eye. The colors are three colors of brown yellow green, brown orange and brown red
The red pillar stone in short -wave ultraviolet light. To medium red fluorescence
The ruby ​​in the red zone has obvious CR absorption cable
The red glass
The red glass is uniform quality body without multiple color
amplified inspection in the red glass. , Vortex pattern and other phenomena
The typical shell -shaped fracture, obvious ridgeline
has small glass density, and the hand is light
simple identification features one. The color of ruby ​​is gorgeous. Under the light source, it can reflect the beautiful and moving six -shot starlight. It is commonly known as the six lines. This is caused by the special crystal structure of ruby ​​and is a unique optical phenomenon. Ruby is transparent, translucent, and opaque. The color is different from the depths of water red, pink, pigeon blood, and rose red. Because large gemstones are very rare, the larger ruby ​​that is usually seen is generally fake. There are two cases of fake rubies: the first is to pretend to be a ruby ​​with a low -grade red color gemstone, and there is no rowdy ruby ​​unique color and light in all fake rubies. The second is artificial ruby. Artificial ruby ​​is very similar to natural rubies in terms of proportion, hardness, and color. Intuitively judge that the artificial ruby ​​is uniform and clean, without natural impurities, uniform colors, and often greater particles, lacking natural sense.
It because the market price of Ruby is high, many people have also appeared to improve the quality of gemstones.
Invals
1. Fill in the cracks of ruby ​​with artificial glass or other substances. If this processing is not a professional appraiser, it is difficult to identify it by appearance.
2. The upper end of the mezzanine ruby ​​is a layer of transparent natural rigidity. The pavilion below is a synthetic gemstone. From the upper observation, you can see the natural inner content, which makes people mistakenly think that it is a natural ruby.
3. In addition, there is a method of furring in flames. The original colorless jade is placed in chemical raw materials containing color elements, and then at high temperature heating Segang jade becomes ruby.
but the color of the gemstone cannot be deep inside, so the gem can not be cut or polished again, otherwise the color after treatment will be lost.

This real ruby ​​is white and white in white.

Just look at the picture. The picture above is the cut ruby ​​nude stone. The color is pigeon blood red, and the pigeon blood red is the best color in the ruby.